Description
An AC motor driver is a frequency converter used to control the speed and torque of a motor (typically a three-phase AC induction or three-phase BLDC motor) using a specially developed control method such as variable frequency drive (VFD) or field oriented control (FOC). 1. Principles The principle of AC motor driver is to use electronic components to convert direct current into alternating current to control the operation of the AC motor. It is mainly composed of rectifier, filter, inverter and control circuit four parts. The rectifier converts alternating current to direct current, the filter filters and outputs the direct current, the inverter converts the direct current to alternating current, and the control circuit is responsible for controlling the alternating current frequency and voltage of the output of the inverter. Step 2: Application Ac motor drivers are widely used in industrial production, such as steel, petroleum, chemical, cement, paper and other industries. Its main role is to improve production efficiency, reduce energy consumption and maintenance costs. Ac motor drivers can achieve variable frequency speed regulation and soft start, making the operation of AC motor more stable and reliable, but also reduce mechanical losses and noise pollution.
Frequency converter (VFD) working principle
A frequency converter (VFD) consists of three main components: an AC motor (usually a three-phase induction motor), a drive controller, and a user interface.
Alternating current motor
Ac induction motors often use a fixed speed, so the controller is relatively simple. This type of motor will provide a three-phase voltage to the stator coil in order to generate a rotating magnetic field. This creates an electric field to drive the rotor.
Ac drive controller
A typical industrial AC drive controller has three half Bridges, each of which delivers a sine wave voltage to the stator. To achieve tunable frequencies, the controller will use a scalar algorithm to change the voltage to determine the frequency (or volts/Hertz) of the phase. More and more high-end motors are starting to use more complex algorithms. Examples include vector control or field-oriented control (FOC) for controlling multiple phase frequencies.
These drives also require the controller to provide them with a soft start capability to reduce the load and surge current of the motor during startup. This is essential to reduce motor stress and maximize the service life of industrial drives on the factory floor.
This is because the surge current of the motor can be up to 7 to 10 times the operating current, and the torque required at start-up can be three times higher than the torque required at running time. The digital soft start controller continuously monitors voltage during startup and adjusts according to the motor load for smooth acceleration, speed and torque control. The device can be used to start and stop the AC motor drive system and reduce the stress on the drive. In addition, the device also reduces the power load and reduces energy consumption, resulting in significant cost savings.
Ac driver interface
Interaction with AC drives can be achieved through many different connections. These connections can be current loops from 4 to 20 mA, voltage signals from 0 to 10 VDC, or remote connections via Ethernet or wireless communication links.
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